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Memento

Memento en Rust

Memento es un patrón de diseño de comportamiento que permite tomar instantáneas del estado de un objeto y restaurarlo en el futuro.

El patrón Memento no compromete la estructura interna del objeto con el que trabaja, ni la información que se encuentra dentro de las instantáneas.

Aprende más sobre el patrón Memento

Conceptual example

This is a conceptual example of Memento pattern.

conceptual.rs

trait Memento<T> {
    fn restore(self) -> T;
    fn print(&self);
}

struct Originator {
    state: u32,
}

impl Originator {
    pub fn save(&self) -> OriginatorBackup {
        OriginatorBackup {
            state: self.state.to_string(),
        }
    }
}

struct OriginatorBackup {
    state: String,
}

impl Memento<Originator> for OriginatorBackup {
    fn restore(self) -> Originator {
        Originator {
            state: self.state.parse().unwrap(),
        }
    }

    fn print(&self) {
        println!("Originator backup: '{}'", self.state);
    }
}

fn main() {
    let mut history = Vec::<OriginatorBackup>::new();

    let mut originator = Originator { state: 0 };

    originator.state = 1;
    history.push(originator.save());

    originator.state = 2;
    history.push(originator.save());

    for moment in history.iter() {
        moment.print();
    }

    let originator = history.pop().unwrap().restore();
    println!("Restored to state: {}", originator.state);

    let originator = history.pop().unwrap().restore();
    println!("Restored to state: {}", originator.state);
}

Output

Originator backup: '1'
Originator backup: '2'
Restored to state: 2
Restored to state: 1

Serde serialization framework

A common way to make a structure serializable is to derive Serialize and Deserialize traits from the serde serialization framework. Then an object of serializable type can be converted to many different formats, e.g. JSON with serde_json crate.

use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};

#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize)]
struct Originator {
    state: u32,
}

serde.rs

use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};

/// An object to be stored. It derives a default
/// `Serialize` and `Deserialize` trait implementation, which
/// allows to convert it into many different formats (e.g. JSON).
#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize)]
struct Originator {
    state: u32,
}

impl Originator {
    /// Serializes an originator into a string of JSON format.
    pub fn save(&self) -> String {
        serde_json::to_string(self).unwrap()
    }

    /// Deserializes an originator into a string of JSON format.
    pub fn restore(json: &str) -> Self {
        serde_json::from_str(json).unwrap()
    }
}

fn main() {
    // A stack of mementos.
    let mut history = Vec::<String>::new();

    let mut originator = Originator { state: 0 };

    originator.state = 1;
    history.push(originator.save());

    originator.state = 2;
    history.push(originator.save());

    for moment in history.iter() {
        println!("{}", moment);
    }

    let originator = Originator::restore(&history.pop().unwrap());
    println!("Restored to state: {}", originator.state);

    let originator = Originator::restore(&history.pop().unwrap());
    println!("Restored to state: {}", originator.state);
}

Output

{"state":1}
{"state":2}
Restored to state: 2
Restored to state: 1

Memento en otros lenguajes