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Mediator

Mediator を Python で

Mediator 振る舞いに関するデザインパターンの一つで プログラムのコンポーネント間の通信を特別なメディエーター・オブジェクトを通して行うことで 結合を疎にします

Mediator により 個々のコンポーネントは 何十ものクラスへの依存がなくなるため 変更 拡張 再利用が容易になります

複雑度

人気度

使用例 Python コードで Mediator パターンがよく使われるのは アプリの GUI コンポーネント間の通信のやりとりです Mediator は MVC パターンの C の部分 Controller と同義語です

概念的な例

この例は Mediator デザインパターンの構造を説明するためのものです 以下の質問に答えることを目的としています

  • どういうクラスからできているか
  • それぞれのクラスの役割は
  • パターンの要素同士はどう関係しているのか

main.py: 概念的な例

from __future__ import annotations
from abc import ABC


class Mediator(ABC):
    """
    The Mediator interface declares a method used by components to notify the
    mediator about various events. The Mediator may react to these events and
    pass the execution to other components.
    """

    def notify(self, sender: object, event: str) -> None:
        pass


class ConcreteMediator(Mediator):
    def __init__(self, component1: Component1, component2: Component2) -> None:
        self._component1 = component1
        self._component1.mediator = self
        self._component2 = component2
        self._component2.mediator = self

    def notify(self, sender: object, event: str) -> None:
        if event == "A":
            print("Mediator reacts on A and triggers following operations:")
            self._component2.do_c()
        elif event == "D":
            print("Mediator reacts on D and triggers following operations:")
            self._component1.do_b()
            self._component2.do_c()


class BaseComponent:
    """
    The Base Component provides the basic functionality of storing a mediator's
    instance inside component objects.
    """

    def __init__(self, mediator: Mediator = None) -> None:
        self._mediator = mediator

    @property
    def mediator(self) -> Mediator:
        return self._mediator

    @mediator.setter
    def mediator(self, mediator: Mediator) -> None:
        self._mediator = mediator


"""
Concrete Components implement various functionality. They don't depend on other
components. They also don't depend on any concrete mediator classes.
"""


class Component1(BaseComponent):
    def do_a(self) -> None:
        print("Component 1 does A.")
        self.mediator.notify(self, "A")

    def do_b(self) -> None:
        print("Component 1 does B.")
        self.mediator.notify(self, "B")


class Component2(BaseComponent):
    def do_c(self) -> None:
        print("Component 2 does C.")
        self.mediator.notify(self, "C")

    def do_d(self) -> None:
        print("Component 2 does D.")
        self.mediator.notify(self, "D")


if __name__ == "__main__":
    # The client code.
    c1 = Component1()
    c2 = Component2()
    mediator = ConcreteMediator(c1, c2)

    print("Client triggers operation A.")
    c1.do_a()

    print("\n", end="")

    print("Client triggers operation D.")
    c2.do_d()

Output.txt: 実行結果

Client triggers operation A.
Component 1 does A.
Mediator reacts on A and triggers following operations:
Component 2 does C.


Client triggers operation D.
Component 2 does D.
Mediator reacts on D and triggers following operations:
Component 1 does B.
Component 2 does C.

他言語での Mediator

Mediator を C# で Mediator を C++ で Mediator を Go で Mediator を Java で Mediator を PHP で Mediator を Ruby で Mediator を Rust で Mediator を Swift で Mediator を TypeScript で