C++로 작성된 커맨드

커맨드는 요청 또는 간단한 작업을 객체로 변환하는 행동 디자인 패턴입니다.

이러한 변환은 명령의 지연 또는 원격 실행, 명령 기록 저장 등을 허용합니다.

복잡도:

인기도:

사용 예시들: 커맨드 패턴은 C++ 코드에서 매우 일반적입니다. 대부분의 경우 작업으로 UI 요소를 매개 변수화하기 위한 콜백의 대안으로 사용되며 작업 대기, 작업 기록 추적 등에도 사용됩니다.

식별: 커맨드 패턴은 다음과 같은 특징이 있습니다. 추상/인터페이스 유형(발신자)의 행동 메서드들이 있으며 이러한 메서드들은 다른 추상/인터페이스 유형(수신자)의 구현에서 메서드를 호출하며 이 메서드는 생성되는 동안 커맨드 구현으로 캡슐화되었습니다. 또 커맨드 클래스는 일반적으로 특정 작업만 수행할 수 있습니다.

개념적인 예시

이 예시는 커맨드 디자인 패턴의 구조를 보여주고 다음 질문에 중점을 둡니다:

패턴은 어떤 클래스들로 구성되어 있나요?
이 클래스들은 어떤 역할을 하나요?
패턴의 요소들은 어떻게 서로 연관되어 있나요?

main.cc: 개념적인 예시

/**
 * The Command interface declares a method for executing a command.
 */
class Command {
 public:
  virtual ~Command() {
  }
  virtual void Execute() const = 0;
};
/**
 * Some commands can implement simple operations on their own.
 */
class SimpleCommand : public Command {
 private:
  std::string pay_load_;

 public:
  explicit SimpleCommand(std::string pay_load) : pay_load_(pay_load) {
  }
  void Execute() const override {
    std::cout << "SimpleCommand: See, I can do simple things like printing (" << this->pay_load_ << ")\n";
  }
};

/**
 * The Receiver classes contain some important business logic. They know how to
 * perform all kinds of operations, associated with carrying out a request. In
 * fact, any class may serve as a Receiver.
 */
class Receiver {
 public:
  void DoSomething(const std::string &a) {
    std::cout << "Receiver: Working on (" << a << ".)\n";
  }
  void DoSomethingElse(const std::string &b) {
    std::cout << "Receiver: Also working on (" << b << ".)\n";
  }
};

/**
 * However, some commands can delegate more complex operations to other objects,
 * called "receivers."
 */
class ComplexCommand : public Command {
  /**
   * @var Receiver
   */
 private:
  Receiver *receiver_;
  /**
   * Context data, required for launching the receiver's methods.
   */
  std::string a_;
  std::string b_;
  /**
   * Complex commands can accept one or several receiver objects along with any
   * context data via the constructor.
   */
 public:
  ComplexCommand(Receiver *receiver, std::string a, std::string b) : receiver_(receiver), a_(a), b_(b) {
  }
  /**
   * Commands can delegate to any methods of a receiver.
   */
  void Execute() const override {
    std::cout << "ComplexCommand: Complex stuff should be done by a receiver object.\n";
    this->receiver_->DoSomething(this->a_);
    this->receiver_->DoSomethingElse(this->b_);
  }
};

/**
 * The Invoker is associated with one or several commands. It sends a request to
 * the command.
 */
class Invoker {
  /**
   * @var Command
   */
 private:
  Command *on_start_;
  /**
   * @var Command
   */
  Command *on_finish_;
  /**
   * Initialize commands.
   */
 public:
  ~Invoker() {
    delete on_start_;
    delete on_finish_;
  }

  void SetOnStart(Command *command) {
    this->on_start_ = command;
  }
  void SetOnFinish(Command *command) {
    this->on_finish_ = command;
  }
  /**
   * The Invoker does not depend on concrete command or receiver classes. The
   * Invoker passes a request to a receiver indirectly, by executing a command.
   */
  void DoSomethingImportant() {
    std::cout << "Invoker: Does anybody want something done before I begin?\n";
    if (this->on_start_) {
      this->on_start_->Execute();
    }
    std::cout << "Invoker: ...doing something really important...\n";
    std::cout << "Invoker: Does anybody want something done after I finish?\n";
    if (this->on_finish_) {
      this->on_finish_->Execute();
    }
  }
};
/**
 * The client code can parameterize an invoker with any commands.
 */

int main() {
  Invoker *invoker = new Invoker;
  invoker->SetOnStart(new SimpleCommand("Say Hi!"));
  Receiver *receiver = new Receiver;
  invoker->SetOnFinish(new ComplexCommand(receiver, "Send email", "Save report"));
  invoker->DoSomethingImportant();

  delete invoker;
  delete receiver;

  return 0;
}

Output.txt: 실행 결과

Invoker: Does anybody want something done before I begin?
SimpleCommand: See, I can do simple things like printing (Say Hi!)
Invoker: ...doing something really important...
Invoker: Does anybody want something done after I finish?
ComplexCommand: Complex stuff should be done by a receiver object.
Receiver: Working on (Send email.)
Receiver: Also working on (Save report.)