Flyweight em Ruby

O O Flyweight é um padrão de projeto estrutural que permite que os programas suportem grandes quantidades de objetos, mantendo baixo o consumo de memória.

O padrão consegue isso compartilhando partes do estado do objeto entre vários objetos. Em outras palavras, o Flyweight economiza RAM armazenando em cache os mesmos dados usados por objetos diferentes.

Saiba mais sobre o Flyweight

Complexidade:

Popularidade:

Exemplos de uso: O padrão Flyweight tem uma única finalidade: minimizar a entrada de memória. Se o seu programa não apresentar problemas de falta de RAM, você poderá ignorar esse padrão por um tempo.

Identificação: O Flyweight pode ser reconhecido por um método de criação que retorna objetos em cache em vez de criar novos.

Exemplo conceitual

Este exemplo ilustra a estrutura do padrão de projeto Flyweight. Ele se concentra em responder a estas perguntas:

De quais classes ele consiste?
Quais papéis essas classes desempenham?
De que maneira os elementos do padrão estão relacionados?

main.rb: Exemplo conceitual

require 'json'

# The Flyweight stores a common portion of the state (also called intrinsic
# state) that belongs to multiple real business entities. The Flyweight accepts
# the rest of the state (extrinsic state, unique for each entity) via its method
# parameters.
class Flyweight
  # @param [String] shared_state
  def initialize(shared_state)
    @shared_state = shared_state
  end

  # @param [String] unique_state
  def operation(unique_state)
    s = @shared_state.to_json
    u = unique_state.to_json
    print "Flyweight: Displaying shared (#{s}) and unique (#{u}) state."
  end
end

# The Flyweight Factory creates and manages the Flyweight objects. It ensures
# that flyweights are shared correctly. When the client requests a flyweight,
# the factory either returns an existing instance or creates a new one, if it
# doesn't exist yet.
class FlyweightFactory
  # @param [Hash] initial_flyweights
  def initialize(initial_flyweights)
    @flyweights = {}
    initial_flyweights.each do |state|
      @flyweights[get_key(state)] = Flyweight.new(state)
    end
  end

  # Returns a Flyweight's string hash for a given state.
  def get_key(state)
    state.sort.join('_')
  end

  # Returns an existing Flyweight with a given state or creates a new one.
  def get_flyweight(shared_state)
    key = get_key(shared_state)

    if !@flyweights.key?(key)
      puts "FlyweightFactory: Can't find a flyweight, creating new one."
      @flyweights[key] = Flyweight.new(shared_state)
    else
      puts 'FlyweightFactory: Reusing existing flyweight.'
    end

    @flyweights[key]
  end

  def list_flyweights
    puts "FlyweightFactory: I have #{@flyweights.size} flyweights:"
    print @flyweights.keys.join("\n")
  end
end

# @param [FlyweightFactory] factory
# @param [String] plates
# @param [String] owner
# @param [String] brand
# @param [String] model
# @param [String] color
def add_car_to_police_database(factory, plates, owner, brand, model, color)
  puts "\n\nClient: Adding a car to database."
  flyweight = factory.get_flyweight([brand, model, color])
  # The client code either stores or calculates extrinsic state and passes it to
  # the flyweight's methods.
  flyweight.operation([plates, owner])
end

# The client code usually creates a bunch of pre-populated flyweights in the
# initialization stage of the application.

factory = FlyweightFactory.new([
                                 %w[Chevrolet Camaro2018 pink],
                                 ['Mercedes Benz', 'C300', 'black'],
                                 ['Mercedes Benz', 'C500', 'red'],
                                 %w[BMW M5 red],
                                 %w[BMW X6 white]
                               ])

factory.list_flyweights

add_car_to_police_database(factory, 'CL234IR', 'James Doe', 'BMW', 'M5', 'red')

add_car_to_police_database(factory, 'CL234IR', 'James Doe', 'BMW', 'X1', 'red')

puts "\n\n"

factory.list_flyweights

output.txt: Resultados da execução

FlyweightFactory: I have 5 flyweights:
Camaro2018_Chevrolet_pink
C300_Mercedes Benz_black
C500_Mercedes Benz_red
BMW_M5_red
BMW_X6_white

Client: Adding a car to database.
FlyweightFactory: Reusing existing flyweight.
Flyweight: Displaying shared (["BMW","M5","red"]) and unique (["CL234IR","James Doe"]) state.

Client: Adding a car to database.
FlyweightFactory: Can't find a flyweight, creating new one.
Flyweight: Displaying shared (["BMW","X1","red"]) and unique (["CL234IR","James Doe"]) state.

FlyweightFactory: I have 6 flyweights:
Camaro2018_Chevrolet_pink
C300_Mercedes Benz_black
C500_Mercedes Benz_red
BMW_M5_red
BMW_X6_white
BMW_X1_red

Flyweight em Ruby

Exemplo conceitual

main.rb: Exemplo conceitual

output.txt: Resultados da execução

Flyweight em outras linguagens