Iterator en PHP
Iterator es un patrón de diseño de comportamiento que permite el recorrido secuencial por una estructura de datos compleja sin exponer sus detalles internos.
Gracias al patrón Iterator, los clientes pueden recorrer elementos de colecciones diferentes de un modo similar, utilizando una única interfaz iteradora.
Complejidad:
Popularidad:
Ejemplos de uso: El patrón es muy común en el código PHP. Muchos frameworks y bibliotecas lo utilizan para proporcionar una forma estandarizada de recorrer sus colecciones.
El PHP tiene una interfaz Iteradora integrada que se puede utilizar para crear iteradores a medida compatibles con el resto del código PHP.
Identificación: El patrón Iterator es fácil de reconocer por sus métodos de navegación (como next, previous y otros). El código cliente que utiliza iteradores puede no tener acceso directo a la colección recorrida.
Ejemplo conceptual
Este ejemplo ilustra la estructura del patrón de diseño Iterator y se centra en las siguientes preguntas:
- ¿De qué clases se compone?
- ¿Qué papeles juegan esas clases?
- ¿De qué forma se relacionan los elementos del patrón?
Después de conocer la estructura del patrón, será más fácil comprender el siguiente ejemplo basado en un caso de uso real de PHP.
index.php: Ejemplo conceptual
<?php
namespace RefactoringGuru\Iterator\Conceptual;
/**
* Concrete Iterators implement various traversal algorithms. These classes
* store the current traversal position at all times.
*/
class AlphabeticalOrderIterator implements \Iterator
{
/**
* @var WordsCollection
*/
private $collection;
/**
* @var int Stores the current traversal position. An iterator may have a
* lot of other fields for storing iteration state, especially when it is
* supposed to work with a particular kind of collection.
*/
private $position = 0;
/**
* @var bool This variable indicates the traversal direction.
*/
private $reverse = false;
public function __construct($collection, $reverse = false)
{
$this->collection = $collection;
$this->reverse = $reverse;
}
public function rewind()
{
$this->position = $this->reverse ?
count($this->collection->getItems()) - 1 : 0;
}
public function current()
{
return $this->collection->getItems()[$this->position];
}
public function key()
{
return $this->position;
}
public function next()
{
$this->position = $this->position + ($this->reverse ? -1 : 1);
}
public function valid()
{
return isset($this->collection->getItems()[$this->position]);
}
}
/**
* Concrete Collections provide one or several methods for retrieving fresh
* iterator instances, compatible with the collection class.
*/
class WordsCollection implements \IteratorAggregate
{
private $items = [];
public function getItems()
{
return $this->items;
}
public function addItem($item)
{
$this->items[] = $item;
}
public function getIterator(): Iterator
{
return new AlphabeticalOrderIterator($this);
}
public function getReverseIterator(): Iterator
{
return new AlphabeticalOrderIterator($this, true);
}
}
/**
* The client code may or may not know about the Concrete Iterator or Collection
* classes, depending on the level of indirection you want to keep in your
* program.
*/
$collection = new WordsCollection();
$collection->addItem("First");
$collection->addItem("Second");
$collection->addItem("Third");
echo "Straight traversal:\n";
foreach ($collection->getIterator() as $item) {
echo $item . "\n";
}
echo "\n";
echo "Reverse traversal:\n";
foreach ($collection->getReverseIterator() as $item) {
echo $item . "\n";
}
Output.txt: Resultado de la ejecución
Straight traversal:
First
Second
Third
Reverse traversal:
Third
Second
First
Ejemplo del mundo real
Como PHP ya cuenta con una interfaz Iteradora integrada que proporciona una práctica integración con bucles foreach, es muy fácil crear tus propios iteradores para recorrer casi cualquier estructura de datos imaginable.
Este ejemplo del patrón Iterator proporciona un acceso fácil a archivos CSV.
index.php: Ejemplo del mundo real
<?php
namespace RefactoringGuru\Iterator\RealWorld;
/**
* CSV File Iterator.
*
* @author Josh Lockhart
*/
class CsvIterator implements \Iterator
{
const ROW_SIZE = 4096;
/**
* The pointer to the CSV file.
*
* @var resource
*/
protected $filePointer = null;
/**
* The current element, which is returned on each iteration.
*
* @var array
*/
protected $currentElement = null;
/**
* The row counter.
*
* @var int
*/
protected $rowCounter = null;
/**
* The delimiter for the CSV file.
*
* @var string
*/
protected $delimiter = null;
/**
* The constructor tries to open the CSV file. It throws an exception on
* failure.
*
* @param string $file The CSV file.
* @param string $delimiter The delimiter.
*
* @throws \Exception
*/
public function __construct($file, $delimiter = ',')
{
try {
$this->filePointer = fopen($file, 'rb');
$this->delimiter = $delimiter;
} catch (\Exception $e) {
throw new \Exception('The file "' . $file . '" cannot be read.');
}
}
/**
* This method resets the file pointer.
*/
public function rewind(): void
{
$this->rowCounter = 0;
rewind($this->filePointer);
}
/**
* This method returns the current CSV row as a 2-dimensional array.
*
* @return array The current CSV row as a 2-dimensional array.
*/
public function current(): array
{
$this->currentElement = fgetcsv($this->filePointer, self::ROW_SIZE, $this->delimiter);
$this->rowCounter++;
return $this->currentElement;
}
/**
* This method returns the current row number.
*
* @return int The current row number.
*/
public function key(): int
{
return $this->rowCounter;
}
/**
* This method checks if the end of file has been reached.
*
* @return bool Returns true on EOF reached, false otherwise.
*/
public function next(): bool
{
if (is_resource($this->filePointer)) {
return !feof($this->filePointer);
}
return false;
}
/**
* This method checks if the next row is a valid row.
*
* @return bool If the next row is a valid row.
*/
public function valid(): bool
{
if (!$this->next()) {
if (is_resource($this->filePointer)) {
fclose($this->filePointer);
}
return false;
}
return true;
}
}
/**
* The client code.
*/
$csv = new CsvIterator(__DIR__ . '/cats.csv');
foreach ($csv as $key => $row) {
print_r($row);
}
Output.txt: Resultado de la ejecución
Array
(
[0] => Name
[1] => Age
[2] => Owner
[3] => Breed
[4] => Image
[5] => Color
[6] => Texture
[7] => Fur
[8] => Size
)
Array
(
[0] => Steve
[1] => 3
[2] => Alexander Shvets
[3] => Bengal
[4] => /cats/bengal.jpg
[5] => Brown
[6] => Stripes
[7] => Short
[8] => Medium
)
Array
(
[0] => Siri
[1] => 2
[2] => Alexander Shvets
[3] => Domestic short-haired
[4] => /cats/domestic-sh.jpg
[5] => Black
[6] => Solid
[7] => Medium
[8] => Medium
)
Array
(
[0] => Fluffy
[1] => 5
[2] => John Smith
[3] => Maine Coon
[4] => /cats/Maine-Coon.jpg
[5] => Gray
[6] => Stripes
[7] => Long
[8] => Large
)
