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메멘토

루비로 작성된 메멘토

메멘토 패턴은 행동 디자인 패턴입니다. 이 패턴은 객체 상태의 스냅숏을 만든 후 나중에 복원할 수 있도록 합니다.

메멘토는 함께 작동하는 객체의 내부 구조와 스냅숏들 내부에 보관된 데이터를 손상하지 않습니다.

복잡도:

인기도:

사용 사례들: 메멘토의 원칙은 직렬화를 사용하여 달성할 수 있으며, 이는 루비 코드에서 매우 일반적입니다. 직렬화는 객체 상태의 스냅숏을 만드는 유일한 또는 가장 효율적인 방법은 아니나 다른 객체로부터 오리지네이터의 구조를 보호하면서 상태 백업을 저장할 수 있도록 합니다.

개념적인 예시

이 예시는 메멘토 패턴의 구조를 보여주고 다음 질문에 중점을 둡니다:

  • 패턴은 어떤 클래스들로 구성되어 있나요?
  • 이 클래스들은 어떤 역할을 하나요?
  • 패턴의 요소들은 어떻게 서로 연관되어 있나요?

main.rb: 개념적인 예시

# The Originator holds some important state that may change over time. It also
# defines a method for saving the state inside a memento and another method for
# restoring the state from it.
class Originator
  # For the sake of simplicity, the originator's state is stored inside a single
  # variable.
  attr_accessor :state
  private :state

  # @param [String] state
  def initialize(state)
    @state = state
    puts "Originator: My initial state is: #{@state}"
  end

  # The Originator's business logic may affect its internal state. Therefore,
  # the client should backup the state before launching methods of the business
  # logic via the save() method.
  def do_something
    puts 'Originator: I\'m doing something important.'
    @state = generate_random_string(30)
    puts "Originator: and my state has changed to: #{@state}"
  end

  private def generate_random_string(length = 10)
    ascii_letters = [*'a'..'z', *'A'..'Z']
    (0...length).map { ascii_letters.sample }.join
  end

  # Saves the current state inside a memento.
  def save
    ConcreteMemento.new(@state)
  end

  # Restores the Originator's state from a memento object.
  def restore(memento)
    @state = memento.state
    puts "Originator: My state has changed to: #{@state}"
  end
end

# The Memento interface provides a way to retrieve the memento's metadata, such
# as creation date or name. However, it doesn't expose the Originator's state.
class Memento
  # @abstract
  #
  # @return [String]
  def name
    raise NotImplementedError, "#{self.class} has not implemented method '#{__method__}'"
  end

  # @abstract
  #
  # @return [String]
  def date
    raise NotImplementedError, "#{self.class} has not implemented method '#{__method__}'"
  end
end

class ConcreteMemento < Memento
  # @param [String] state
  def initialize(state)
    @state = state
    @date = Time.now.strftime('%F %T')
  end

  # The Originator uses this method when restoring its state.
  attr_reader :state

  # The rest of the methods are used by the Caretaker to display metadata.
  def name
    "#{@date} / (#{@state[0, 9]}...)"
  end

  # @return [String]
  attr_reader :date
end

# The Caretaker doesn't depend on the Concrete Memento class. Therefore, it
# doesn't have access to the originator's state, stored inside the memento. It
# works with all mementos via the base Memento interface.
class Caretaker
  # @param [Originator] originator
  def initialize(originator)
    @mementos = []
    @originator = originator
  end

  def backup
    puts "\nCaretaker: Saving Originator's state..."
    @mementos << @originator.save
  end

  def undo
    return if @mementos.empty?

    memento = @mementos.pop
    puts "Caretaker: Restoring state to: #{memento.name}"

    begin
      @originator.restore(memento)
    rescue StandardError
      undo
    end
  end

  def show_history
    puts 'Caretaker: Here\'s the list of mementos:'

    @mementos.each { |memento| puts memento.name }
  end
end

originator = Originator.new('Super-duper-super-puper-super.')
caretaker = Caretaker.new(originator)

caretaker.backup
originator.do_something

caretaker.backup
originator.do_something

caretaker.backup
originator.do_something

puts "\n"
caretaker.show_history

puts "\nClient: Now, let's rollback!\n"
caretaker.undo

puts "\nClient: Once more!\n"
caretaker.undo

output.txt: 실행 결과

Originator: My initial state is: Super-duper-super-puper-super.

Caretaker: Saving Originator's state...
Originator: I'm doing something important.
Originator: and my state has changed to: CHYzYSIWbqvWkCzIHOqTyEJWfQlFMn

Caretaker: Saving Originator's state...
Originator: I'm doing something important.
Originator: and my state has changed to: vbkhwCeAEQBpLwQLlhmpcvUnwzxVnT

Caretaker: Saving Originator's state...
Originator: I'm doing something important.
Originator: and my state has changed to: SBWlQnAEPLsitiOQAZbGlXHZAeWBoW

Caretaker: Here's the list of mementos:
2023-08-11 15:02:35 / (Super-dup...)
2023-08-11 15:02:35 / (CHYzYSIWb...)
2023-08-11 15:02:35 / (vbkhwCeAE...)

Client: Now, let's rollback!
Caretaker: Restoring state to: 2023-08-11 15:02:35 / (vbkhwCeAE...)
Originator: My state has changed to: vbkhwCeAEQBpLwQLlhmpcvUnwzxVnT

Client: Once more!
Caretaker: Restoring state to: 2023-08-11 15:02:35 / (CHYzYSIWb...)
Originator: My state has changed to: CHYzYSIWbqvWkCzIHOqTyEJWfQlFMn

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