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Chain of Responsibility

Chain of Responsibility en C++

Chain of Responsibility es un patrón de diseño de comportamiento que permite pasar solicitudes a lo largo de la cadena de manejadores potenciales hasta que uno de ellos gestiona la solicitud.

El patrón permite que varios objetos gestionen la solicitud sin acoplar la clase emisora a las clases concretas de los receptores. La cadena puede componerse dinámicamente durante el tiempo de ejecución con cualquier manejador que siga una interfaz manejadora estándar.

Complejidad:

Popularidad:

Ejemplos de uso: El patrón Chain of Responsibility no es un invitado habitual en el programa C++, ya que tan solo es relevante cuando el código opera con cadenas de objetos.

Identificación: El patrón es reconocible porque los métodos de comportamiento de un grupo de objetos invocan indirectamente los mismos métodos en otros objetos, mientras que todos los objetos siguen la interfaz común.

Ejemplo conceptual

Este ejemplo ilustra la estructura del patrón de diseño Chain of Responsibility. Se centra en responder las siguientes preguntas:

  • ¿De qué clases se compone?
  • ¿Qué papeles juegan esas clases?
  • ¿De qué forma se relacionan los elementos del patrón?

main.cc: Ejemplo conceptual

/**
 * The Handler interface declares a method for building the chain of handlers.
 * It also declares a method for executing a request.
 */
class Handler {
 public:
  virtual Handler *SetNext(Handler *handler) = 0;
  virtual std::string Handle(std::string request) = 0;
};
/**
 * The default chaining behavior can be implemented inside a base handler class.
 */
class AbstractHandler : public Handler {
  /**
   * @var Handler
   */
 private:
  Handler *next_handler_;

 public:
  AbstractHandler() : next_handler_(nullptr) {
  }
  Handler *SetNext(Handler *handler) override {
    this->next_handler_ = handler;
    // Returning a handler from here will let us link handlers in a convenient
    // way like this:
    // $monkey->setNext($squirrel)->setNext($dog);
    return handler;
  }
  std::string Handle(std::string request) override {
    if (this->next_handler_) {
      return this->next_handler_->Handle(request);
    }

    return {};
  }
};
/**
 * All Concrete Handlers either handle a request or pass it to the next handler
 * in the chain.
 */
class MonkeyHandler : public AbstractHandler {
 public:
  std::string Handle(std::string request) override {
    if (request == "Banana") {
      return "Monkey: I'll eat the " + request + ".\n";
    } else {
      return AbstractHandler::Handle(request);
    }
  }
};
class SquirrelHandler : public AbstractHandler {
 public:
  std::string Handle(std::string request) override {
    if (request == "Nut") {
      return "Squirrel: I'll eat the " + request + ".\n";
    } else {
      return AbstractHandler::Handle(request);
    }
  }
};
class DogHandler : public AbstractHandler {
 public:
  std::string Handle(std::string request) override {
    if (request == "MeatBall") {
      return "Dog: I'll eat the " + request + ".\n";
    } else {
      return AbstractHandler::Handle(request);
    }
  }
};
/**
 * The client code is usually suited to work with a single handler. In most
 * cases, it is not even aware that the handler is part of a chain.
 */
void ClientCode(Handler &handler) {
  std::vector<std::string> food = {"Nut", "Banana", "Cup of coffee"};
  for (const std::string &f : food) {
    std::cout << "Client: Who wants a " << f << "?\n";
    const std::string result = handler.Handle(f);
    if (!result.empty()) {
      std::cout << "  " << result;
    } else {
      std::cout << "  " << f << " was left untouched.\n";
    }
  }
}
/**
 * The other part of the client code constructs the actual chain.
 */
int main() {
  MonkeyHandler *monkey = new MonkeyHandler;
  SquirrelHandler *squirrel = new SquirrelHandler;
  DogHandler *dog = new DogHandler;
  monkey->SetNext(squirrel)->SetNext(dog);

  /**
   * The client should be able to send a request to any handler, not just the
   * first one in the chain.
   */
  std::cout << "Chain: Monkey > Squirrel > Dog\n\n";
  ClientCode(*monkey);
  std::cout << "\n";
  std::cout << "Subchain: Squirrel > Dog\n\n";
  ClientCode(*squirrel);

  delete monkey;
  delete squirrel;
  delete dog;

  return 0;
}

Output.txt: Resultado de la ejecución

Chain: Monkey > Squirrel > Dog

Client: Who wants a Nut?
  Squirrel: I'll eat the Nut.
Client: Who wants a Banana?
  Monkey: I'll eat the Banana.
Client: Who wants a Cup of coffee?
  Cup of coffee was left untouched.

Subchain: Squirrel > Dog

Client: Who wants a Nut?
  Squirrel: I'll eat the Nut.
Client: Who wants a Banana?
  Banana was left untouched.
Client: Who wants a Cup of coffee?
  Cup of coffee was left untouched.

Chain of Responsibility en otros lenguajes

Chain of Responsibility en C# Chain of Responsibility en Go Chain of Responsibility en Java Chain of Responsibility en PHP Chain of Responsibility en Python Chain of Responsibility en Ruby Chain of Responsibility en Rust Chain of Responsibility en Swift Chain of Responsibility en TypeScript