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Chain of Responsibility

Chain of Responsibility em C++

O Chain of Responsibility é um padrão de projeto comportamental que permite passar a solicitação ao longo da cadeia de handlers em potencial até que um deles lide com a solicitação.

O padrão permite que vários objetos tratem a solicitação sem acoplar a classe remetente às classes concretas dos destinatários. A cadeia pode ser composta dinamicamente em tempo de execução com qualquer handler que siga uma interface de handler padrão.

Complexidade:

Popularidade:

Exemplos de uso: O padrão Chain of Responsibility não é um padrão frequente em um programa C++, pois é relevante apenas quando o código opera com cadeias de objetos.

Identificação: O padrão é reconhecível pelos métodos comportamentais de um grupo de objetos que indiretamente chamam os mesmos métodos em outros objetos, enquanto todos os objetos seguem a interface comum.

Exemplo conceitual

Este exemplo ilustra a estrutura do padrão de projeto Chain of Responsibility. Ele se concentra em responder a estas perguntas:

  • De quais classes ele consiste?
  • Quais papéis essas classes desempenham?
  • De que maneira os elementos do padrão estão relacionados?

main.cc: Exemplo conceitual

/**
 * The Handler interface declares a method for building the chain of handlers.
 * It also declares a method for executing a request.
 */
class Handler {
 public:
  virtual Handler *SetNext(Handler *handler) = 0;
  virtual std::string Handle(std::string request) = 0;
};
/**
 * The default chaining behavior can be implemented inside a base handler class.
 */
class AbstractHandler : public Handler {
  /**
   * @var Handler
   */
 private:
  Handler *next_handler_;

 public:
  AbstractHandler() : next_handler_(nullptr) {
  }
  Handler *SetNext(Handler *handler) override {
    this->next_handler_ = handler;
    // Returning a handler from here will let us link handlers in a convenient
    // way like this:
    // $monkey->setNext($squirrel)->setNext($dog);
    return handler;
  }
  std::string Handle(std::string request) override {
    if (this->next_handler_) {
      return this->next_handler_->Handle(request);
    }

    return {};
  }
};
/**
 * All Concrete Handlers either handle a request or pass it to the next handler
 * in the chain.
 */
class MonkeyHandler : public AbstractHandler {
 public:
  std::string Handle(std::string request) override {
    if (request == "Banana") {
      return "Monkey: I'll eat the " + request + ".\n";
    } else {
      return AbstractHandler::Handle(request);
    }
  }
};
class SquirrelHandler : public AbstractHandler {
 public:
  std::string Handle(std::string request) override {
    if (request == "Nut") {
      return "Squirrel: I'll eat the " + request + ".\n";
    } else {
      return AbstractHandler::Handle(request);
    }
  }
};
class DogHandler : public AbstractHandler {
 public:
  std::string Handle(std::string request) override {
    if (request == "MeatBall") {
      return "Dog: I'll eat the " + request + ".\n";
    } else {
      return AbstractHandler::Handle(request);
    }
  }
};
/**
 * The client code is usually suited to work with a single handler. In most
 * cases, it is not even aware that the handler is part of a chain.
 */
void ClientCode(Handler &handler) {
  std::vector<std::string> food = {"Nut", "Banana", "Cup of coffee"};
  for (const std::string &f : food) {
    std::cout << "Client: Who wants a " << f << "?\n";
    const std::string result = handler.Handle(f);
    if (!result.empty()) {
      std::cout << "  " << result;
    } else {
      std::cout << "  " << f << " was left untouched.\n";
    }
  }
}
/**
 * The other part of the client code constructs the actual chain.
 */
int main() {
  MonkeyHandler *monkey = new MonkeyHandler;
  SquirrelHandler *squirrel = new SquirrelHandler;
  DogHandler *dog = new DogHandler;
  monkey->SetNext(squirrel)->SetNext(dog);

  /**
   * The client should be able to send a request to any handler, not just the
   * first one in the chain.
   */
  std::cout << "Chain: Monkey > Squirrel > Dog\n\n";
  ClientCode(*monkey);
  std::cout << "\n";
  std::cout << "Subchain: Squirrel > Dog\n\n";
  ClientCode(*squirrel);

  delete monkey;
  delete squirrel;
  delete dog;

  return 0;
}

Output.txt: Resultados da execução

Chain: Monkey > Squirrel > Dog

Client: Who wants a Nut?
  Squirrel: I'll eat the Nut.
Client: Who wants a Banana?
  Monkey: I'll eat the Banana.
Client: Who wants a Cup of coffee?
  Cup of coffee was left untouched.

Subchain: Squirrel > Dog

Client: Who wants a Nut?
  Squirrel: I'll eat the Nut.
Client: Who wants a Banana?
  Banana was left untouched.
Client: Who wants a Cup of coffee?
  Cup of coffee was left untouched.

Chain of Responsibility em outras linguagens

Chain of Responsibility em C# Chain of Responsibility em Go Chain of Responsibility em Java Chain of Responsibility em PHP Chain of Responsibility em Python Chain of Responsibility em Ruby Chain of Responsibility em Rust Chain of Responsibility em Swift Chain of Responsibility em TypeScript