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Composite

Composite en TypeScript

Composite es un patrón de diseño estructural que permite componer objetos en una estructura en forma de árbol y trabajar con ella como si fuera un objeto único.

El patrón Composite se convirtió en una solución muy popular para la mayoría de problemas que requieren la creación de una estructura de árbol. La gran característica del Composite es la capacidad para ejecutar métodos de forma recursiva por toda la estructura de árbol y recapitular los resultados.

Complejidad:

Popularidad:

Ejemplos de uso: El patrón Composite es muy común en el código TypeScript. Se utiliza a menudo para representar jerarquías de componentes de interfaz de usuario o el código que trabaja con gráficos.

Identificación: El Composite es fácil de reconocer por los métodos de comportamiento que toman una instancia del mismo tipo abstracto/interfaz y lo hacen una estructura de árbol.

Ejemplo conceptual

Este ejemplo ilustra la estructura del patrón de diseño Composite y se centra en las siguientes preguntas:

  • ¿De qué clases se compone?
  • ¿Qué papeles juegan esas clases?
  • ¿De qué forma se relacionan los elementos del patrón?

index.ts: Ejemplo conceptual

/**
 * The base Component class declares common operations for both simple and
 * complex objects of a composition.
 */
abstract class Component {
    protected parent!: Component | null;

    /**
     * Optionally, the base Component can declare an interface for setting and
     * accessing a parent of the component in a tree structure. It can also
     * provide some default implementation for these methods.
     */
    public setParent(parent: Component | null) {
        this.parent = parent;
    }

    public getParent(): Component | null {
        return this.parent;
    }

    /**
     * In some cases, it would be beneficial to define the child-management
     * operations right in the base Component class. This way, you won't need to
     * expose any concrete component classes to the client code, even during the
     * object tree assembly. The downside is that these methods will be empty
     * for the leaf-level components.
     */
    public add(component: Component): void { }

    public remove(component: Component): void { }

    /**
     * You can provide a method that lets the client code figure out whether a
     * component can bear children.
     */
    public isComposite(): boolean {
        return false;
    }

    /**
     * The base Component may implement some default behavior or leave it to
     * concrete classes (by declaring the method containing the behavior as
     * "abstract").
     */
    public abstract operation(): string;
}

/**
 * The Leaf class represents the end objects of a composition. A leaf can't have
 * any children.
 *
 * Usually, it's the Leaf objects that do the actual work, whereas Composite
 * objects only delegate to their sub-components.
 */
class Leaf extends Component {
    public operation(): string {
        return 'Leaf';
    }
}

/**
 * The Composite class represents the complex components that may have children.
 * Usually, the Composite objects delegate the actual work to their children and
 * then "sum-up" the result.
 */
class Composite extends Component {
    protected children: Component[] = [];

    /**
     * A composite object can add or remove other components (both simple or
     * complex) to or from its child list.
     */
    public add(component: Component): void {
        this.children.push(component);
        component.setParent(this);
    }

    public remove(component: Component): void {
        const componentIndex = this.children.indexOf(component);
        this.children.splice(componentIndex, 1);

        component.setParent(null);
    }

    public isComposite(): boolean {
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * The Composite executes its primary logic in a particular way. It
     * traverses recursively through all its children, collecting and summing
     * their results. Since the composite's children pass these calls to their
     * children and so forth, the whole object tree is traversed as a result.
     */
    public operation(): string {
        const results = [];
        for (const child of this.children) {
            results.push(child.operation());
        }

        return `Branch(${results.join('+')})`;
    }
}

/**
 * The client code works with all of the components via the base interface.
 */
function clientCode(component: Component) {
    // ...

    console.log(`RESULT: ${component.operation()}`);

    // ...
}

/**
 * This way the client code can support the simple leaf components...
 */
const simple = new Leaf();
console.log('Client: I\'ve got a simple component:');
clientCode(simple);
console.log('');

/**
 * ...as well as the complex composites.
 */
const tree = new Composite();
const branch1 = new Composite();
branch1.add(new Leaf());
branch1.add(new Leaf());
const branch2 = new Composite();
branch2.add(new Leaf());
tree.add(branch1);
tree.add(branch2);
console.log('Client: Now I\'ve got a composite tree:');
clientCode(tree);
console.log('');

/**
 * Thanks to the fact that the child-management operations are declared in the
 * base Component class, the client code can work with any component, simple or
 * complex, without depending on their concrete classes.
 */
function clientCode2(component1: Component, component2: Component) {
    // ...

    if (component1.isComposite()) {
        component1.add(component2);
    }
    console.log(`RESULT: ${component1.operation()}`);

    // ...
}

console.log('Client: I don\'t need to check the components classes even when managing the tree:');
clientCode2(tree, simple);

Output.txt: Resultado de la ejecución

Client: I've got a simple component:
RESULT: Leaf

Client: Now I've got a composite tree:
RESULT: Branch(Branch(Leaf+Leaf)+Branch(Leaf))

Client: I don't need to check the components classes even when managing the tree:
RESULT: Branch(Branch(Leaf+Leaf)+Branch(Leaf)+Leaf)

Composite en otros lenguajes

Composite en C# Composite en C++ Composite en Go Composite en Java Composite en PHP Composite en Python Composite en Ruby Composite en Rust Composite en Swift