자바로 작성된 복합체

복합체 패턴은 객체들을 트리 구조들로 구성한 후, 이러한 구조들을 개별 객체들처럼 다룰 수 있도록 하는 구조 패턴입니다.

복합체는 트리 구조를 생성해야 하는 대부분 문제에 대해 인기 있는 해결책입니다. 전체 트리 구조에 대해 재귀적으로 메서드들을 실행하고 결과를 요약하는 기능은 복합체의 훌륭한 기능 중 하나입니다.

복합체에 대하여 더 자세히 알아보세요

복잡도:

인기도:

사용 예시들: 복합체 패턴은 자바 코드에서 매우 일반적입니다. 사용자 인터페이스 컴포넌트의 계층구조나 그래프와 함께 작동하는 코드를 나타내는 데 자주 사용됩니다.

다음은 코어 자바 라이브러리로부터 가져온 복합체 패턴의 몇 가지 예시들입니다:

java.awt.Container#add(Component) (스윙 컴포넌트들에서 매우 자주 사용됩니다).
javax.faces.component.UIComponent#getChildren() (JSF UI 컴포넌트들에서 매우 자주 사용됩니다).

식별: 만약 코드에 객체 트리가 있고 트리의 각 객체가 같은 클래스 계층구조의 일부면 이는 복합체 패턴일 가능성이 큽니다. 이러한 클래스들의 메서드들이 작업을 트리의 자식 객체에 위임하고 이러한 위임을 계층구조의 기초 클래스/인터페이스를 통해 수행하면 이는 확실히 복합체입니다.

단순한 그리고 복합된 그래픽 모양

이 예시에서는 단순한 모양들로 구성된 복잡한 그래픽 모양들을 만든 후 두 모양 다 균일하게 처리하는 방법을 보여줍니다.

shapes

shapes/Shape.java: 공통 모양 인터페이스

package refactoring_guru.composite.example.shapes;

import java.awt.*;

public interface Shape {
    int getX();
    int getY();
    int getWidth();
    int getHeight();
    void move(int x, int y);
    boolean isInsideBounds(int x, int y);
    void select();
    void unSelect();
    boolean isSelected();
    void paint(Graphics graphics);
}

shapes/BaseShape.java: 기초 기능이 있는 추상 모양

package refactoring_guru.composite.example.shapes;

import java.awt.*;

abstract class BaseShape implements Shape {
    public int x;
    public int y;
    public Color color;
    private boolean selected = false;

    BaseShape(int x, int y, Color color) {
        this.x = x;
        this.y = y;
        this.color = color;
    }

    @Override
    public int getX() {
        return x;
    }

    @Override
    public int getY() {
        return y;
    }

    @Override
    public int getWidth() {
        return 0;
    }

    @Override
    public int getHeight() {
        return 0;
    }

    @Override
    public void move(int x, int y) {
        this.x += x;
        this.y += y;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean isInsideBounds(int x, int y) {
        return x > getX() && x < (getX() + getWidth()) &&
                y > getY() && y < (getY() + getHeight());
    }

    @Override
    public void select() {
        selected = true;
    }

    @Override
    public void unSelect() {
        selected = false;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean isSelected() {
        return selected;
    }

    void enableSelectionStyle(Graphics graphics) {
        graphics.setColor(Color.LIGHT_GRAY);

        Graphics2D g2 = (Graphics2D) graphics;
        float[] dash1 = {2.0f};
        g2.setStroke(new BasicStroke(1.0f,
                BasicStroke.CAP_BUTT,
                BasicStroke.JOIN_MITER,
                2.0f, dash1, 0.0f));
    }

    void disableSelectionStyle(Graphics graphics) {
        graphics.setColor(color);
        Graphics2D g2 = (Graphics2D) graphics;
        g2.setStroke(new BasicStroke());
    }


    @Override
    public void paint(Graphics graphics) {
        if (isSelected()) {
            enableSelectionStyle(graphics);
        }
        else {
            disableSelectionStyle(graphics);
        }

        // ...
    }
}

shapes/Dot.java: 점

package refactoring_guru.composite.example.shapes;

import java.awt.*;

public class Dot extends BaseShape {
    private final int DOT_SIZE = 3;

    public Dot(int x, int y, Color color) {
        super(x, y, color);
    }

    @Override
    public int getWidth() {
        return DOT_SIZE;
    }

    @Override
    public int getHeight() {
        return DOT_SIZE;
    }

    @Override
    public void paint(Graphics graphics) {
        super.paint(graphics);
        graphics.fillRect(x - 1, y - 1, getWidth(), getHeight());
    }
}

shapes/Circle.java: 원

package refactoring_guru.composite.example.shapes;

import java.awt.*;

public class Circle extends BaseShape {
    public int radius;

    public Circle(int x, int y, int radius, Color color) {
        super(x, y, color);
        this.radius = radius;
    }

    @Override
    public int getWidth() {
        return radius * 2;
    }

    @Override
    public int getHeight() {
        return radius * 2;
    }

    public void paint(Graphics graphics) {
        super.paint(graphics);
        graphics.drawOval(x, y, getWidth() - 1, getHeight() - 1);
    }
}

shapes/Rectangle.java: 직사각형

package refactoring_guru.composite.example.shapes;

import java.awt.*;

public class Rectangle extends BaseShape {
    public int width;
    public int height;

    public Rectangle(int x, int y, int width, int height, Color color) {
        super(x, y, color);
        this.width = width;
        this.height = height;
    }

    @Override
    public int getWidth() {
        return width;
    }

    @Override
    public int getHeight() {
        return height;
    }

    @Override
    public void paint(Graphics graphics) {
        super.paint(graphics);
        graphics.drawRect(x, y, getWidth() - 1, getHeight() - 1);
    }
}

shapes/CompoundShape.java: 다른 모양 객체들로 구성된 복합 모양

package refactoring_guru.composite.example.shapes;

import java.awt.*;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;

public class CompoundShape extends BaseShape {
    protected List<Shape> children = new ArrayList<>();

    public CompoundShape(Shape... components) {
        super(0, 0, Color.BLACK);
        add(components);
    }

    public void add(Shape component) {
        children.add(component);
    }

    public void add(Shape... components) {
        children.addAll(Arrays.asList(components));
    }

    public void remove(Shape child) {
        children.remove(child);
    }

    public void remove(Shape... components) {
        children.removeAll(Arrays.asList(components));
    }

    public void clear() {
        children.clear();
    }

    @Override
    public int getX() {
        if (children.size() == 0) {
            return 0;
        }
        int x = children.get(0).getX();
        for (Shape child : children) {
            if (child.getX() < x) {
                x = child.getX();
            }
        }
        return x;
    }

    @Override
    public int getY() {
        if (children.size() == 0) {
            return 0;
        }
        int y = children.get(0).getY();
        for (Shape child : children) {
            if (child.getY() < y) {
                y = child.getY();
            }
        }
        return y;
    }

    @Override
    public int getWidth() {
        int maxWidth = 0;
        int x = getX();
        for (Shape child : children) {
            int childsRelativeX = child.getX() - x;
            int childWidth = childsRelativeX + child.getWidth();
            if (childWidth > maxWidth) {
                maxWidth = childWidth;
            }
        }
        return maxWidth;
    }

    @Override
    public int getHeight() {
        int maxHeight = 0;
        int y = getY();
        for (Shape child : children) {
            int childsRelativeY = child.getY() - y;
            int childHeight = childsRelativeY + child.getHeight();
            if (childHeight > maxHeight) {
                maxHeight = childHeight;
            }
        }
        return maxHeight;
    }

    @Override
    public void move(int x, int y) {
        for (Shape child : children) {
            child.move(x, y);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public boolean isInsideBounds(int x, int y) {
        for (Shape child : children) {
            if (child.isInsideBounds(x, y)) {
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }

    @Override
    public void unSelect() {
        super.unSelect();
        for (Shape child : children) {
            child.unSelect();
        }
    }

    public boolean selectChildAt(int x, int y) {
        for (Shape child : children) {
            if (child.isInsideBounds(x, y)) {
                child.select();
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }

    @Override
    public void paint(Graphics graphics) {
        if (isSelected()) {
            enableSelectionStyle(graphics);
            graphics.drawRect(getX() - 1, getY() - 1, getWidth() + 1, getHeight() + 1);
            disableSelectionStyle(graphics);
        }

        for (Shape child : children) {
            child.paint(graphics);
        }
    }
}

editor

editor/ImageEditor.java: 모양 편집기

package refactoring_guru.composite.example.editor;

import refactoring_guru.composite.example.shapes.CompoundShape;
import refactoring_guru.composite.example.shapes.Shape;

import javax.swing.*;
import javax.swing.border.Border;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.MouseAdapter;
import java.awt.event.MouseEvent;

public class ImageEditor {
    private EditorCanvas canvas;
    private CompoundShape allShapes = new CompoundShape();

    public ImageEditor() {
        canvas = new EditorCanvas();
    }

    public void loadShapes(Shape... shapes) {
        allShapes.clear();
        allShapes.add(shapes);
        canvas.refresh();
    }

    private class EditorCanvas extends Canvas {
        JFrame frame;

        private static final int PADDING = 10;

        EditorCanvas() {
            createFrame();
            refresh();
            addMouseListener(new MouseAdapter() {
                @Override
                public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) {
                    allShapes.unSelect();
                    allShapes.selectChildAt(e.getX(), e.getY());
                    e.getComponent().repaint();
                }
            });
        }

        void createFrame() {
            frame = new JFrame();
            frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
            frame.setLocationRelativeTo(null);

            JPanel contentPanel = new JPanel();
            Border padding = BorderFactory.createEmptyBorder(PADDING, PADDING, PADDING, PADDING);
            contentPanel.setBorder(padding);
            frame.setContentPane(contentPanel);

            frame.add(this);
            frame.setVisible(true);
            frame.getContentPane().setBackground(Color.LIGHT_GRAY);
        }

        public int getWidth() {
            return allShapes.getX() + allShapes.getWidth() + PADDING;
        }

        public int getHeight() {
            return allShapes.getY() + allShapes.getHeight() + PADDING;
        }

        void refresh() {
            this.setSize(getWidth(), getHeight());
            frame.pack();
        }

        public void paint(Graphics graphics) {
            allShapes.paint(graphics);
        }
    }
}

Demo.java: 클라이언트 코드

package refactoring_guru.composite.example;

import refactoring_guru.composite.example.editor.ImageEditor;
import refactoring_guru.composite.example.shapes.Circle;
import refactoring_guru.composite.example.shapes.CompoundShape;
import refactoring_guru.composite.example.shapes.Dot;
import refactoring_guru.composite.example.shapes.Rectangle;

import java.awt.*;

public class Demo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ImageEditor editor = new ImageEditor();

        editor.loadShapes(
                new Circle(10, 10, 10, Color.BLUE),

                new CompoundShape(
                    new Circle(110, 110, 50, Color.RED),
                    new Dot(160, 160, Color.RED)
                ),

                new CompoundShape(
                        new Rectangle(250, 250, 100, 100, Color.GREEN),
                        new Dot(240, 240, Color.GREEN),
                        new Dot(240, 360, Color.GREEN),
                        new Dot(360, 360, Color.GREEN),
                        new Dot(360, 240, Color.GREEN)
                )
        );
    }
}