O Prototype é um padrão de projeto criacional que permite a clonagem de objetos, mesmo complexos, sem acoplamento à suas classes específicas.
Todas as classes de prototypes(protótipos) devem ter uma interface comum que permita copiar objetos, mesmo que suas classes concretas sejam desconhecidas. Objetos protótipos podem produzir cópias completas, pois objetos da mesma classe podem acessar os campos privados um do outro.
Complexidade:
Popularidade:
Exemplos de uso: O padrão Prototype está disponível e pronto para uso em Ruby com métodos dup
ou clone
.
Identificação: O prototype pode ser facilmente reconhecido pelos métodos clone
ou copy
, etc.
Exemplo conceitual
Este exemplo ilustra a estrutura do padrão de projeto Prototype . Ele se concentra em responder a estas perguntas:
De quais classes ele consiste?
Quais papéis essas classes desempenham?
De que maneira os elementos do padrão estão relacionados?
main.rb: Exemplo conceitual
# The example class that has cloning ability. We'll see how the values of field
# with different types will be cloned.
class Prototype
attr_accessor :primitive, :component, :circular_reference
def initialize
@primitive = nil
@component = nil
@circular_reference = nil
end
# @return [Prototype]
def clone
@component = deep_copy(@component)
# Cloning an object that has a nested object with backreference requires
# special treatment. After the cloning is completed, the nested object
# should point to the cloned object, instead of the original object.
@circular_reference = deep_copy(@circular_reference)
@circular_reference.prototype = self
deep_copy(self)
end
# deep_copy is the usual Marshalling hack to make a deep copy. But it's rather
# slow and inefficient, therefore, in real applications, use a special gem.
private def deep_copy(object)
Marshal.load(Marshal.dump(object))
end
end
class ComponentWithBackReference
attr_accessor :prototype
# @param [Prototype] prototype
def initialize(prototype)
@prototype = prototype
end
end
# The client code.
p1 = Prototype.new
p1.primitive = 245
p1.component = Time.now
p1.circular_reference = ComponentWithBackReference.new(p1)
p2 = p1.clone
if p1.primitive == p2.primitive
puts 'Primitive field values have been carried over to a clone. Yay!'
else
puts 'Primitive field values have not been copied. Booo!'
end
if p1.component.equal?(p2.component)
puts 'Simple component has not been cloned. Booo!'
else
puts 'Simple component has been cloned. Yay!'
end
if p1.circular_reference.equal?(p2.circular_reference)
puts 'Component with back reference has not been cloned. Booo!'
else
puts 'Component with back reference has been cloned. Yay!'
end
if p1.circular_reference.prototype.equal?(p2.circular_reference.prototype)
print 'Component with back reference is linked to original object. Booo!'
else
print 'Component with back reference is linked to the clone. Yay!'
end
output.txt: Resultados da execução
Primitive field values have been carried over to a clone. Yay!
Simple component has been cloned. Yay!
Component with back reference has been cloned. Yay!
Component with back reference is linked to the clone. Yay!
Prototype em outras linguagens