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Iterator

Iterator in Go

Iterator is a behavioral design pattern that allows sequential traversal through a complex data structure without exposing its internal details.

Thanks to the Iterator, clients can go over elements of different collections in a similar fashion using a single iterator interface.

Conceptual Example

The main idea behind the Iterator pattern is to extract the iteration logic of a collection into a different object called iterator. This iterator provides a generic method of iterating over a collection independent of its type.

collection.go: Collection

package main

type Collection interface {
	createIterator() Iterator
}

userCollection.go: Concrete collection

package main

type UserCollection struct {
	users []*User
}

func (u *UserCollection) createIterator() Iterator {
	return &UserIterator{
		users: u.users,
	}
}

iterator.go: Iterator

package main

type Iterator interface {
	hasNext() bool
	getNext() *User
}

userIterator.go: Concrete iterator

package main

type UserIterator struct {
	index int
	users []*User
}

func (u *UserIterator) hasNext() bool {
	if u.index < len(u.users) {
		return true
	}
	return false

}
func (u *UserIterator) getNext() *User {
	if u.hasNext() {
		user := u.users[u.index]
		u.index++
		return user
	}
	return nil
}

user.go: Client code

package main

type User struct {
	name string
	age  int
}

main.go: Client code

package main

import "fmt"

func main() {

	user1 := &User{
		name: "a",
		age:  30,
	}
	user2 := &User{
		name: "b",
		age:  20,
	}

	userCollection := &UserCollection{
		users: []*User{user1, user2},
	}

	iterator := userCollection.createIterator()

	for iterator.hasNext() {
		user := iterator.getNext()
		fmt.Printf("User is %+v\n", user)
	}
}

output.txt: Execution result

User is &{name:a age:30}
User is &{name:b age:20}

Iterator in Other Languages

Iterator in C# Iterator in C++ Iterator in Java Iterator in PHP Iterator in Python Iterator in Ruby Iterator in Rust Iterator in Swift Iterator in TypeScript