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Composite

Composite in Go

Composite is a structural design pattern that lets you compose objects into tree structures and then work with these structures as if they were individual objects.

Composite became a pretty popular solution for the most problems that require building a tree structure. Composite’s great feature is the ability to run methods recursively over the whole tree structure and sum up the results.

Conceptual Example

Let’s try to understand the Composite pattern with an example of an operating system’s file system. In the file system, there are two types of objects: files and folders. There are cases when files and folders should be treated to be the same way. This is where the Composite pattern comes in handy.

Imagine that you need to run a search for a particular keyword in your file system. This search operation applies to both files and folders. For a file, it will just look into the contents of the file; for a folder, it will go through all files of that folder to find that keyword.

component.go: Component interface

package main

type Component interface {
	search(string)
}

folder.go: Composite

package main

import "fmt"

type Folder struct {
	components []Component
	name       string
}

func (f *Folder) search(keyword string) {
	fmt.Printf("Serching recursively for keyword %s in folder %s\n", keyword, f.name)
	for _, composite := range f.components {
		composite.search(keyword)
	}
}

func (f *Folder) add(c Component) {
	f.components = append(f.components, c)
}

file.go: Leaf

package main

import "fmt"

type File struct {
	name string
}

func (f *File) search(keyword string) {
	fmt.Printf("Searching for keyword %s in file %s\n", keyword, f.name)
}

func (f *File) getName() string {
	return f.name
}

main.go: Client code

package main

func main() {
	file1 := &File{name: "File1"}
	file2 := &File{name: "File2"}
	file3 := &File{name: "File3"}

	folder1 := &Folder{
		name: "Folder1",
	}

	folder1.add(file1)

	folder2 := &Folder{
		name: "Folder2",
	}
	folder2.add(file2)
	folder2.add(file3)
	folder2.add(folder1)

	folder2.search("rose")
}

output.txt: Execution result

Serching recursively for keyword rose in folder Folder2
Searching for keyword rose in file File2
Searching for keyword rose in file File3
Serching recursively for keyword rose in folder Folder1
Searching for keyword rose in file File1

Composite in Other Languages

Composite in C# Composite in C++ Composite in Java Composite in PHP Composite in Python Composite in Ruby Composite in Rust Composite in Swift Composite in TypeScript