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Facade

Facade in Rust

Facade is a structural design pattern that provides a simplified (but limited) interface to a complex system of classes, library or framework.

While Facade decreases the overall complexity of the application, it also helps to move unwanted dependencies to one place.

Learn more about Facade

Conceptual Example

pub struct WalletFacade hides a complex logic behind its API. A single method add_money_to_wallet interacts with the account, code, wallet, notification and ledger behind the scenes.

wallet_facade.rs

use crate::{
    account::Account, ledger::Ledger, notification::Notification, security_code::SecurityCode,
    wallet::Wallet,
};

/// Facade hides a complex logic behind the API.
pub struct WalletFacade {
    account: Account,
    wallet: Wallet,
    code: SecurityCode,
    notification: Notification,
    ledger: Ledger,
}

impl WalletFacade {
    pub fn new(account_id: String, code: u32) -> Self {
        println!("Starting create account");

        let this = Self {
            account: Account::new(account_id),
            wallet: Wallet::new(),
            code: SecurityCode::new(code),
            notification: Notification,
            ledger: Ledger,
        };

        println!("Account created");
        this
    }

    pub fn add_money_to_wallet(
        &mut self,
        account_id: &String,
        security_code: u32,
        amount: u32,
    ) -> Result<(), String> {
        println!("Starting add money to wallet");
        self.account.check(account_id)?;
        self.code.check(security_code)?;
        self.wallet.credit_balance(amount);
        self.notification.send_wallet_credit_notification();
        self.ledger.make_entry(account_id, "credit".into(), amount);
        Ok(())
    }

    pub fn deduct_money_from_wallet(
        &mut self,
        account_id: &String,
        security_code: u32,
        amount: u32,
    ) -> Result<(), String> {
        println!("Starting debit money from wallet");
        self.account.check(account_id)?;
        self.code.check(security_code)?;
        self.wallet.debit_balance(amount);
        self.notification.send_wallet_debit_notification();
        self.ledger.make_entry(account_id, "debit".into(), amount);
        Ok(())
    }
}

wallet.rs

pub struct Wallet {
    balance: u32,
}

impl Wallet {
    pub fn new() -> Self {
        Self { balance: 0 }
    }

    pub fn credit_balance(&mut self, amount: u32) {
        self.balance += amount;
    }

    pub fn debit_balance(&mut self, amount: u32) {
        self.balance
            .checked_sub(amount)
            .expect("Balance is not sufficient");
    }
}

account.rs

pub struct Account {
    name: String,
}

impl Account {
    pub fn new(name: String) -> Self {
        Self { name }
    }

    pub fn check(&self, name: &String) -> Result<(), String> {
        if &self.name != name {
            return Err("Account name is incorrect".into());
        }

        println!("Account verified");
        Ok(())
    }
}

ledger.rs

pub struct Ledger;

impl Ledger {
    pub fn make_entry(&mut self, account_id: &String, txn_type: String, amount: u32) {
        println!(
            "Make ledger entry for accountId {} with transaction type {} for amount {}",
            account_id, txn_type, amount
        );
    }
}

notification.rs

pub struct Notification;

impl Notification {
    pub fn send_wallet_credit_notification(&self) {
        println!("Sending wallet credit notification");
    }

    pub fn send_wallet_debit_notification(&self) {
        println!("Sending wallet debit notification");
    }
}

security_code.rs

pub struct SecurityCode {
    code: u32,
}

impl SecurityCode {
    pub fn new(code: u32) -> Self {
        Self { code }
    }

    pub fn check(&self, code: u32) -> Result<(), String> {
        if self.code != code {
            return Err("Security code is incorrect".into());
        }

        println!("Security code verified");
        Ok(())
    }
}

main.rs

mod account;
mod ledger;
mod notification;
mod security_code;
mod wallet;
mod wallet_facade;

use wallet_facade::WalletFacade;

fn main() -> Result<(), String> {
    let mut wallet = WalletFacade::new("abc".into(), 1234);
    println!();

    // Wallet Facade interacts with the account, code, wallet, notification and
    // ledger behind the scenes.
    wallet.add_money_to_wallet(&"abc".into(), 1234, 10)?;
    println!();

    wallet.deduct_money_from_wallet(&"abc".into(), 1234, 5)
}

Output

Starting create account
Account created

Starting add money to wallet
Account verified
Security code verified
Sending wallet credit notification
Make ledger entry for accountId abc with transaction type credit for amount 10

Starting debit money from wallet
Account verified
Security code verified
Sending wallet debit notification
Make ledger entry for accountId abc with transaction type debit for amount 5

Facade in Other Languages