Strategy is a behavioral design pattern that turns a set of behaviors into objects and makes them interchangeable inside original context object.
The original object, called context, holds a reference to a strategy object. The context delegates executing the behavior to the linked strategy object. In order to change the way the context performs its work, other objects may replace the currently linked strategy object with another one.
/// Defines an injectable strategy for building routes.
trait RouteStrategy {
fn build_route(&self, from: &str, to: &str);
}
struct WalkingStrategy;
impl RouteStrategy for WalkingStrategy {
fn build_route(&self, from: &str, to: &str) {
println!("Walking route from {} to {}: 4 km, 30 min", from, to);
}
}
struct PublicTransportStrategy;
impl RouteStrategy for PublicTransportStrategy {
fn build_route(&self, from: &str, to: &str) {
println!(
"Public transport route from {} to {}: 3 km, 5 min",
from, to
);
}
}
struct Navigator<T: RouteStrategy> {
route_strategy: T,
}
impl<T: RouteStrategy> Navigator<T> {
pub fn new(route_strategy: T) -> Self {
Self { route_strategy }
}
pub fn route(&self, from: &str, to: &str) {
self.route_strategy.build_route(from, to);
}
}
fn main() {
let navigator = Navigator::new(WalkingStrategy);
navigator.route("Home", "Club");
navigator.route("Club", "Work");
let navigator = Navigator::new(PublicTransportStrategy);
navigator.route("Home", "Club");
navigator.route("Club", "Work");
}
Output
Walking route from Home to Club: 4 km, 30 min
Walking route from Club to Work: 4 km, 30 min
Public transport route from Home to Club: 3 km, 5 min
Public transport route from Club to Work: 3 km, 5 min
Functional approach
Functions and closures simplify Strategy implementation as you can inject behavior right into the object without complex interface definition.
It seems that Strategy is often implicitly and widely used in the modern development with Rust, e.g. it’s just like iterators work:
let a = [0i32, 1, 2];
let mut iter = a.iter().filter(|x| x.is_positive());
functional.rs
type RouteStrategy = fn(from: &str, to: &str);
fn walking_strategy(from: &str, to: &str) {
println!("Walking route from {} to {}: 4 km, 30 min", from, to);
}
fn public_transport_strategy(from: &str, to: &str) {
println!(
"Public transport route from {} to {}: 3 km, 5 min",
from, to
);
}
struct Navigator {
route_strategy: RouteStrategy,
}
impl Navigator {
pub fn new(route_strategy: RouteStrategy) -> Self {
Self { route_strategy }
}
pub fn route(&self, from: &str, to: &str) {
(self.route_strategy)(from, to);
}
}
fn main() {
let navigator = Navigator::new(walking_strategy);
navigator.route("Home", "Club");
navigator.route("Club", "Work");
let navigator = Navigator::new(public_transport_strategy);
navigator.route("Home", "Club");
navigator.route("Club", "Work");
let navigator = Navigator::new(|from, to| println!("Specific route from {} to {}", from, to));
navigator.route("Home", "Club");
navigator.route("Club", "Work");
}
Output
Walking route from Home to Club: 4 km, 30 min
Walking route from Club to Work: 4 km, 30 min
Public transport route from Home to Club: 3 km, 5 min
Public transport route from Club to Work: 3 km, 5 min
Specific route from Home to Club
Specific route from Club to Work
